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REFERENCES

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Unknown photographers – Hidden Mothers 1800s

Ann Coxon, Motherhood, 2023: ‘Due to the slow shutter speeds, however, it was often necessary for the mother or nanny to be present within the frame, to keep the child still. It was therefore common for the mother to hide behind chairs and drapery, giving the resulting photographs a somewhat sinister aspect to the contemporary eye. The Victorian equivalent of using your child’s photograph as a profile picture on social media, the ‘hidden mother’ photographs speak volumes about the pride and selflessness of new mothers, who in this case have erased themselves from the pictures.’

“Her leggy ‘humanoid’ camera reflected in the mirror” – Clementina, Viscountess Hawarden ca. 1862-ca.1863 – Cementina, Viscountess Hawarden, one of the pioneering women of British photography, took around 775 photos of her daughters however, never took any self-portraits. This photo shows the reflection of her camera but no sign of herself.

Hartley on the Rocking Horse, Alice Neel 1943
 
Book: The Baby on the Fire Escape – Creativity, Motherhood, and the Mind-Baby Problem by Julie Phillips 2022
“Alice Neel made this portrait of her second son Hartley. The painting is also a self-portrait of her motherhood. The wide eyes of the boy seem fixed on the viewer, but the one he sees is Alice, who is revealed in a dresser mirror as she paints and watches over her child – artist and mother in a moment of unity.”
Alice Neel struggled throughout her career of being both a successful artist and a mother.
“A family friend observed that Alice had “worked out her own code of behaviour, whose cornerstones are two: 1) her freedom to paint; 2) the well-being of her two boys. For 1, she will surrender everything else …. The second … comes lower – but higher than anything else but the first.””

Mavor, Carol, BecomingThe photographs of Clementina, Viscountess Hawarden, Duke University Press, 1999

Parker, Rozsika, The experience of maternal ambivalence, Torn in Two, Virago Press, 1995

Cusk, Rachel, A life’s work on becoming a mother, Faber & Faber; Main edition (16 May 2019)

Photographs of: Clementina Maude, Sally Mann and Julia Margaret Cameron

Ndiritu, Grace , Labour, at Kate MacGarry Gallery, London, 2023

Buskova, Tereza, Baked Woman of Doubice, 2012

Phillips, Julie, The Baby on the Fire EscapeCreativity, Motherhood, and the Mind-Baby Problem, W.W. Norton & Company Ltd, 2022

Artist: Alice Neel

Documentary Alice Neel, Director: Andrew Neel, 2007

Exhibition: Women in Revolt! Art and Activism in the UK 1970-1990 at Tate Britain 2023-24

Dick, Bob Making the most of emergent methodologies: a critical choice in qualitative research design. A paper prepared for the Association for Qualitative Research conference, Melbourne, 5-7 July, 2001 http://www.aral.com.au/DLitt/DLitt_P48emerg.pdf

Ravitch, Dr. Sharon, Methods in Flux: Emphasis on Emergent Design by Sharon Ravitch Dr. Sharon Ravitch is a regular Methodspace contributor, and served as the Mentor in Residence in March 2022, https://www.methodspace.com/blog/methods-in-flux-emphasis-on-emergent-design

Ahmed, Sarah, Living a feminist life, Duke University Press Books, 3 Feb. 2017

Hill Collins, Patricia, Paper: Why Citation matters: Ideas on a feminist approach to research by Christina Templin (SoSe 2021).

Hooks, Bell, Talking Back, Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group New York London, 1989, p.131

Kara, Helen, Creative Research Methods in the Social Sciences: A Practical Guide, Policy Press; 1st edition 10 April 2015

Sage Research Methods Social Research: A Practical Introduction, SAGE Publications, 2011

Braun, Virginia and Clarke, Victoria in APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp.57-71) Edition: First Chapter: Thematic analysis, 2012

https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/37/11/2611/6751717

https://www.arts.ac.uk/students/stories/baby-change-making-stories-and-experiences-of-parenting-at-ual

https://graduateshowcase.arts.ac.uk/projects?_q=Motherhood

https://amp.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/apr/01/the-kingdom-of-women-the-tibetan-tribe-where-a-man-is-never-the-boss

Mosuo – China matriarchal community

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